Tuesday, March 04, 2025
Gambling with my life
While I am currently in a weird state of unofficial early retirement, I will officially retire this year. That involves a bunch of paperwork, and some financial decisions. As many Europeans, the company that I worked for the last 30 years has accumulated a pension fund for me. And now I am asked whether I want a one-time payout, or whether I would like to have the fund money transformed into a life annuity. So what is that, and should I decide?
A life annuity is a sort of an insurance against longevity. It is somehow the opposite of a typical life insurance: In a life insurance, you (or rather your family) financially gain when you die early, but you lose money if you live long. In a life annuity, you get a monthly payment until you die, but the moment you die the capital disappears. The monthly payment is higher than if you had put the same capital into a typical financial instrument with a typical yield, because the insurer is basically betting that you won't live all that long, and that he'll get your capital. You're betting against that, and if you live longer than your statistical live expectancy in current actuarial tables. I'm currently 60 years old, so my statistical life expectancy is a bit over 20 years. If I die with 70, the insurance company offering the life annuity gains money, if I live to 90 or 100, it is I who win. A life annuity literally has me gambling on my life.
Life annuities are not the world's most popular financial / insurance product. Worldwide the share of women between the age of 40 and 44 that do not have children is around 20%. That is to say that around 80% of people have children, and the large majority of these people would rather like that on their death their children inherit their money. In a life annuity, there is nothing to inherit, as on the death the capital goes to the insurance company, not the heirs.
On the other side, consider the extreme of providing for your old age by stacking enough money to last for 20 years under your mattress: When the money runs out, you're in financial trouble, and you're too old to do anything about it. Putting the money in a bank is obviously a better idea, but you still need to consider the drawdown percentage: If you only live of the yield, your capital will remain untouched until you die, but the yield is lower than if you take both the yield and a percentage of the capital, with the percentage calculated as to last a certain time. Either you continue to live frugally until you die and your heirs inherit all of your capital, or you live a bit better by drawing down on your capital, and risk running out of money if you live longer than expected.
The reason I am considering the life annuity is because I do not have children. I have a wife, but there are life annuity products that insure both persons in a couple. In my situation, dying rich would be kind of stupid, especially since I live in a country with relatively high inheritance taxes, especially if your heirs aren't your wife and children. Thus a life annuity could insure me against the "risk" of living a long life. Something to consider.
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Thanks for this post as it gives me a very different perspective VS my own country (France) : in France, the life annuity is mandatory, and financed all along your life through tax. As a risk adverse person, I would certainly choose life annuity, but I can see how the other approach can seduce the gambler.
Retirement planning posts are always so interesting, as they represent some of the highest stakes decisions we make, however we won't know the outcome for many years. In Canada, we have a small amount of guaranteed annuity paid through mandatory employment taxes, but this is only enough to keep you from being homeless and starving - and barely so.
As I plan to retire much earlier than the norm, the annuity products I've explored tend to be very poorly priced relative to income provided (which is not unreasonable, when they are expected to pay out for 35-50 years - much harder to estimate than 20). That said, I do share the concern about wanting to maximize the utility of the funds. My wife and I don't have children, and I have no particular interest in enriching other heirs upon my death.
One thing to consider is that if you don't go the annuity route, and instead go with a lump sum that you invest and self-manage, you can moderate your spending as you age. You will likely want to spend more now, vs in your eighties. With an annuity, you often have less than you would like in early retirement, and more than you need in your final years.
As I plan to retire much earlier than the norm, the annuity products I've explored tend to be very poorly priced relative to income provided (which is not unreasonable, when they are expected to pay out for 35-50 years - much harder to estimate than 20). That said, I do share the concern about wanting to maximize the utility of the funds. My wife and I don't have children, and I have no particular interest in enriching other heirs upon my death.
One thing to consider is that if you don't go the annuity route, and instead go with a lump sum that you invest and self-manage, you can moderate your spending as you age. You will likely want to spend more now, vs in your eighties. With an annuity, you often have less than you would like in early retirement, and more than you need in your final years.
@Vox I can see how you could spend more in your early retirement, on travel and the like, and less in your later years. However, there is the added uncertainty of medical costs, and they tend to rise with age.
That's true. In Canada those costs tend not to rise too much on average, and they often come with significant decreases in other spending. One anecdotal example, my father had some very significant health impacts which did increase their medical expenses significantly, but their travel and entertainment budget dropped dramatically, leading to an overall decrease in spending.
It certainly does depend on availability and costs of care in your region though.
It certainly does depend on availability and costs of care in your region though.
I was talking only about the pension fund from the company I worked for. That isn’t the only savings I have. I also get a state pension, which is already on a monthly basis until I die.
And here in the US I maintain a 401(k) which is unfortunately incredibly difficult to grow quick enough to be helpful at retirement, and a strong likelihood that the social security system will collapse in 9 years before I retire.
In Ireland you get a contributory state pension based on years worked, or a means-tested non-contributory one. But you can also save into a pension fund that has tax advantages. When that hits maturity - and I think you have to trigger it at some age, maybe 70 - you can take up to 25% as untaxed cash, and the rest goes into an ARF ('approved retirement fund', basically a managed fund where you can choose the risk element a bit, and there is a nominal untaxed disbursement of 4-5% per year) or an annuity. you can choose which, or mix them.
Can you tell I'm coming up to pension age? Looking forward to the free travel pass!
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Can you tell I'm coming up to pension age? Looking forward to the free travel pass!
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